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April 20.2025
2 Minutes Read

Exploring AI's Role in Reducing Dairy Methane Emissions: A Game-Changer

AI predicts dairy feed additive impact on methane emissions

AI Models: Pioneering a Pathway to Sustainable Dairy Farming

The dairy industry has long faced the challenge of high methane emissions from ruminant livestock, contributing to global warming. However, a recent breakthrough in technology—an artificial intelligence (AI) model—might just pave the way for substantial reductions in these detrimental emissions. Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Metha Artificial Intelligence have developed a cutting-edge predictive model that utilizes deep microbiome sequencing to evaluate the efficacy of feed additives in reducing methane production.

Validation of Impact: A Game-Changer for Dairy Farmers

In a groundbreaking study published in Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, researchers validated their AI-driven model by testing a recognized essential oil-based feed additive, Agolin Ruminant, across 13 commercial dairy farms in Israel. This multi-faceted approach not only measured methane emissions but was also meticulously structured to ensure accuracy. Measurements were taken biweekly over three months, demonstrating a rigorous commitment to scientific integrity.

Significant Findings: The Future Calls for Action

The results were promising. Methane emissions dropped significantly in treated groups across 11 of the 13 farms, showing reductions ranging from 0.1% to an impressive 19%, leading to an overall average decrease of 9.8%. This pivotal research highlights the potential of AI and innovative feed additives to drastically alter the dynamics of methane emissions in dairy farming, encouraging farm managers to consider the implementation of such strategies in their operations.

Broader Implications: More Than Just Numbers

The importance of these findings extends beyond mere percentages. They signal a growing recognition of the need for sustainable practices in animal agriculture, aligning profitability with environmental responsibility. As dairy professionals navigate the complexities of operational efficiency and compliance, integrating advanced technologies like AI-led feed additive strategies could not only enhance production but also contribute to a sustainable future in agriculture.

As the world turns its focus toward sustainability, dairy industry players are urged to explore innovative feeding strategies that can alleviate the burden of greenhouse gas emissions. Such proactive measures are crucial in fostering a resilient agricultural framework that benefits both producers and the environment.

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04.24.2025

China's Wheat Import Cuts Spark Global Market Shakeup: What to Expect

Update China's Shift: A Major Reduction in Wheat Imports In a significant development that is sending ripples through global markets, China is slashing its wheat imports dramatically, which may herald a new era for international grain trade. According to the latest forecasts from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Chinese imports are expected to plummet from 13.6 million tons last season to just 3.5 million tons for the 2024-2025 season. This 10 million ton decrease represents one of the steepest drops seen in decades, marking a transformative shift in global wheat dynamics. Impact on Major Exporting Countries This decline will have considerable implications for major wheat-exporting nations like Australia, the United States, and Russia. Australia notably relies on China as a key export market and will likely feel the effects of reduced demand. Furthermore, the USDA notes that U.S. wheat exports are set to diminish as well, highlighting the interconnectedness of global agricultural markets. The trade war conditions between the U.S. and China may also be a contributing factor to this downturn, as high tariffs continue to shape import policies. Consequences for Global Wheat Production and Prices While global wheat production remains at record levels, the USDA has revised its ending stocks forecast upward, indicating a complex battle between rising production and decreased export opportunities. Countries like Turkey have implemented restrictions on imports due to surplus stocks, further complicating the wheat market landscape. Looking Ahead: A Declining Grain Trade The ramifications aren’t limited to wheat alone; projections indicate that global trade in various grains—including corn, barley, and rice—will also see a contraction, estimated at about 7% for the 2024-2025 season. These shifts not only affect supply chains but also have broader implications for poultry operations and other livestock sectors that depend heavily on grain availability. Conclusion: Adapting to New Challenges As the haze of uncertainty envelops the future of wheat imports, professionals in the poultry industry must remain vigilant and adaptive. The changing landscape offers a critical opportunity to reassess sourcing strategies and bolster operations to navigate this unprecedented shift in global grain markets.

04.23.2025

Unlocking Effective Nutrition: How the New Sow Model Transforms Feed Needs

Update Revolutionizing Sow Nutrition with PrecisionThe recent development of a new sow model by Schothorst Feed Research in Lelystad, Netherlands, marks a significant leap in the precision of animal nutrition. Tailored for both pregnant and lactating sows, this innovative tool enables nutritionists to accurately identify and meet the feeding requirements of these animals. According to Jan Fledderus, product manager at Schothorst Feed Research, the traditional one-size-fits-all advice is outdated; livestock's nutritional needs are dynamic, influenced by various factors such as husbandry systems, climate, and genetics.Enhancing Knowledge through Specific ModelingThe sophistication of the model lies in its factorial approach, which accounts for influences like litter size, sow condition, and environmental factors. By inputting specific data, nutritionists can simulate various scenarios and perceive how changes in suckling periods, for example, might affect a sow's nutritional needs. The tool ultimately helps professionals not only optimize feed but also deepen their understanding of pig nutrition.Future Prospects for Feed StrategyThis model doesn't just revolutionize how we address sow feeding needs; it also signals a move towards more advanced digital solutions. While currently available as an Excel tool in seven languages, Schothorst Feed Research plans to launch an online version, widening access and usability for professionals worldwide. The fusion of traditional methods and technology reflects a broader trend in agriculture toward data-driven decision-making that prioritizes animal welfare and efficiency.Key Benefits of the New Sow ModelFor managers and suppliers in the poultry industry, understanding this model offers numerous benefits. As the model allows for tailored nutrition strategies, it can reduce feeding costs while ensuring optimal sow health, which is crucial for overall herd productivity. With insights into specific nutrient needs based on precise conditions, stakeholders can implement more cost-effective and compliant feeding practices.Conclusion: Industry Adaption and AwarenessAs the sector evolves with such advancements, staying informed about these innovations will be essential. This new sow model exemplifies how targeted nutritional strategies can transform animal rearing practices, ultimately benefiting the industry by enhancing animal welfare and operational efficiency.

04.22.2025

Exploring Onion Peel Feed Additive to Cut Dairy Cow Methane Emissions

Update Onion Peels as a Sustainable Feed Additive: A Promising Solution In a groundbreaking study published in the journal Animals, researchers have unveiled the potential of onion peels, typically a by-product of the onion processing industry, as a natural feed additive aimed at reducing methane emissions from dairy cows. This approach not only seeks to mitigate the environmental impact of livestock farming but also presents a potential solution to enhance the efficiency of dairy cow diets. Unpacking the Study: How Onion Peels Affect Diets The study involved evaluating various inclusion levels of onion peels—specifically 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%—in two distinct dietary formulations for dairy cows: a high concentrate (HC) diet and a high forage (HF) diet. This meticulous examination allowed scientists to assess the impact of these peels on nutrient degradability and gas production, particularly methane (CH4), which is a significant contributor to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. The Findings: Reducing Methane While Improving Nutrient Efficiency Results indicated that the inclusion of onion peel enhanced nutrient degradability across both diets, with notable differences in gas production. Specifically, the HC diet produced more gas compared to the HF diet while exhibiting lower emissions of harmful gases like CH4 and ammonia (NH3). Furthermore, the optimal inclusion level of onion peels for dairy cows feeding on HF diets was identified as 5%, which not only contributed to reduced methane production but also improved ruminal fermentation efficiency. Future Directions: Exploring the Benefits of Circular Agriculture This research aligns with the growing discourse around circular agriculture, which emphasizes sustainable production methods amidst global food demands. By recycling agricultural by-products such as onion peels into livestock feed, farmers can not only minimize waste but also contribute to reducing the carbon footprint of dairy farming. Call to Action: Advancing Research for Sustainable Practices As the dairy industry grapples with climate challenges, continuing research into the long-term effects of onion peel inclusion is vital. Stakeholders in the agricultural sector are encouraged to support further investigations that could solidify onion peels as a viable and eco-friendly feed additive.

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Wales","zip":"2640","email":"info@webchumcreatives.org","tos":"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","privacy":"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"}

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